Got to say that I agree with Reddell and MacCulloch.... it does tend to look like political interference (in my eyes). Just no where near Trump's level.
RBNZ review of bank regulation smacks of political interference, critics say
The question of political interference at the
Reserve Bank of New Zealand hangs in the air as it prepares to review the commercial bank capital rules, according to several long-time bank watchers and the
Governmentβs
Opposition.
At the end of March, the Reserve Bank (RBNZ) announced a plan to reconsider, and potentially loosen, its rules on the level of capital it requires the commercial banks to hold β while the RBNZ is best known for setting
monetary policy, it also regulates the
banking sector, an area known as prudential regulation.
Under former Governor Adrian Orr in 2019, the RBNZ undertook a fractious and much-criticised review of bank capital rules and lifted the requirements; the changes are still phasing in. The new rules make the commercial banks better able to withstand
economic shocks, but the extra capital they are required to hold is expensive for the sector, a cost that flows through to bank customers.
Under the current Government, there has been rising pressure on the RBNZ to loosen the capital settings to boost economic growth. Finance Minister Nicola Willis mused on the subject in
an interview with the
Herald in August last year, and last month she confirmed that she was
taking advice on how she might compel the bank to relax the rules.
Orr showed
no willingness to reconsider whether the capital settings were too stringent. However, he abruptly left his post as governor on March 5, and it was under acting Governor Christian Hawkesby and RBNZ chairman Neil Quigley that the
bank agreed to a U-turn.
The pair told Parliamentβs Finance and Expenditure Committee on March 31, that, out of concern for βcompetition and innovation in the financial sectorβ, the RBNZ will hire outside experts to review the key aspects of its capital rules, including comparing the settings to those in other countries. Critics of the capital rules often argue that New Zealandβs settings are
tougher and more risk-averse than elsewhere.
The
Herald sought responses from Hawkesby and Quigley to the claims that each is conflicted in his ability to uphold RBNZ independence from Willis. Neither responded directly.
A spokesman for Willis said the Government respects the independence of the Reserve Bank and takes great care to ensure its actions support that independence: βThe minister completely rejects any inference of political interference.β
βThe Reserve Bankβs capital adequacy requirements have been the subject of ongoing questioning and criticism at the finance and expenditure select committeeβs banking inquiry. The decision to respond to that questioning by reviewing the Reserve Bankβs capital requirements was made by the Reserve Bank, not the minister (although she has welcomed it),β he said.
The criticsβ case
βLook, youβre the temporary guy and you want the permanent job. Remember the full position of governor would make Hawkesby a person on the world stage, thatβs worth millions of dollars in a career. Is he going to stand up to Willis when sheβs the one whoβll decide that appointment?β MacCulloch asked.
The Minister of Finance has final say in the hiring of a new governor. In addition, Hawkesbyβs salary as governor has likely jumped by roughly $200,000. The RBNZβs annual report last year put Orrβs remuneration at just over $800,000, while the next-highest-paid employee at the bank was paid just over $600,000. Hawkesby was previously a deputy governor at the bank.
The bank has not yet responded to a request to confirm Hawkesbyβs remuneration.
MacCulloch noted that Quigley has been working toward the establishment of a new medical school at the University of Waikato for years, included authorising spending of over $1m on the services of the consultancy firm of former National Party minister Stephen Joyce (the result of a procurement process
criticised by the Auditor-General).
MacCulloch and Reddell both suggested that if Willis wants to direct how banking regulations are set, her Government should change the law.
Reddell also noted that it would be preferable for politicians (answerable to the public) to set important policy direction in prudential matters, leaving enforcement to the RBNZ.
The Reserve Bank Act states that the bankβs board βmust have regardβ for the Governmentβs fiscal policy, but it is not understood as a coercive power.
Reddell said the circumstances in calling the current review βprobably donβt breach the
Cabinet Manual [which guides ministers identifying and managing conflicts of interest] but theyβre undesirable ... It looks like the minister prevailed in an area where the bank has statutory independenceβ, he said.
Responding to questions put to Hawkesby and Quigley, an RBNZ spokeswoman emphasised that the decision to review the capital rules was precipitated by questions raised at the ongoing finance and expenditure select committeeβs inquiry into banking competition.
βMany of our key stakeholder organisations, including all the major banks and the Commerce Commission [have] questioned the RBNZβs approach to capital levels ... the RBNZ is a listening and learning organisation,β she said.
Quigley told the banking inquiry last month that he thinks βat least someβ of the criticsβ claims that the bank capital regime is too conservative are incorrect.
Nevertheless, the RBNZ is now proposing to engage independent, international experts to review the capital settings, a measure it also took in 2019 before settling the current rules.
The Opposition
Barbara Edmonds, Labourβs finance spokeswoman, said sheβs concerned about βthe timing of the Reserve Bankβs change in position, which closely followed the Governorβs departure, particularly given it was clear he didnβt support loosening the capital rulesβ.
βEven the appearance of political interference can undermine public trust in the RBNZβs decisions,β she said, noting that the bankβs independence is βcrucial for sound monetary policy, especially during a period of economic uncertaintyβ.
What power sits with Government?
The Reserve Bank Act 2021 states that, in prudential policy-making, the RBNZ board βmust have regard toβ the Governmentβs fiscal policy.
Reddell said this language has long been understood as a requirement βto give serious considerationβ to Government policy, but ultimately, he said, the decision maker should βemploy their own best professional judgmentβ.
He said this was the legal advice provided to the bankβs Financial System Oversight Committee over the more than 15 years in which he was a member.
This tenure was before the current iteration of the Reserve Bank Act, but Reddell said he has compared the relevant language in both the current and previous acts, and he did not think there was a substantive difference.
Roger Partridge, chairman of the New Zealand Initiative and former head of Bell Gully, said he agreed that the act does not give the Government coercive powers over the RBNZ in prudential policy, but his view is that the bank may have something short of independence in the area.
βIf the Minister of Finance says my Government is happy with the level of risk for our prudential regulatory settings, commensurate with international norms and does not want excessive risk aversion beyond international norms, put it this way, if that bank must have regard to that then I think it would be a bold move to ignore it and say we want something different,β he said.
Conflict zone: NZ's independent central bank and the Finance Minister's agenda.
www.nzherald.co.nz